Using English to Report

CHEMICAL REPORT

"Redox Reaction"

CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

A. Purpose:

In this activity will be studied spontaneous redox reactions and not spontaneous

B. Platform Theory:

Reduction is the acceptance of electrons or decreases in oxidation numbers, whereas oxidation is the release of electrons or an increase in the oxidation number. The redox reaction is a combination of the simultaneous reduction and oxidation reactions. There is no electron discharge event (oxidation reaction) without an electron capture event (reduction reaction). Redox reactions may be either spontaneous or spontaneous.

The spontaneity of a redox reaction can be determined using a voltaic series. The order of the metals in the volt series is:

K-Ba-Ca-Na-Mg-Al-Mn-Zn-Cr-Fe-Cd-Co-Ni-Sn-Pb- (H2) -Sb-Bi-Cu-Hg-Ag-Pt-Au

The metals next to k2H2 are active metals (strong reducing agents) while the metals on the right H2 are less active (weak reductors). The more to the left the reductor properties are getting weaker and the oxidizing properties get stronger. The metals in the voltaic series can reduce the elements of the dikanannya but not able to reduce the elements on the left. If a metal can reduce the elements to the right, the reaction is spontaneous. Conversely, if not able to reduce the elements on the right reaction is not spontaneous.

Chemical reactions that take place spontaneously, characterized by the characteristics of the resulting sediment, bubbles, changes in color, and changes in temperature.

CHAPTER II

OBSERVATION METHODS

A. Draft Practicum:

In this lab, the author designed the lab using the literature and experimental method. The literature review is conducted so that the authors obtain theories as a reference for the lab. Authors do literature review activities by surfing the internet.

To strengthen the existing theories, the authors conduct experimental model experiments to prove the author's hypothesis in accordance with theories obtained by the author.

C. Practical Variables:

A variable is something that is measured in the writing of a practicum report. The variables considered in the writing of a report of this practice is spontaneous and not spontaneous reaction.

D. Data Collection Technique:

            As a reference to create practical reports, the author looks for various data related to the title of various books and internet. The literature review is used as a reference for obtaining existing data and theories. The author studied and poured existing sources into the manufacture of practical reports.

E. Work Steps

Tools and materials

Size / Unit

amount

The reaction tube / rack

Drop pipette

ZnSO4 solution

CuSO4 solution

HCl solution

Zinc metal plate / Zn

Copper metal plate / Cu

Sandpaper

-

-

1 m

1 m

1 m

0.5 x 1 cm

0.5 x 1 cm

-

4/1

3

5 mL

5 mL

10 mL

2 pieces

2 pieces

Sufficiently

  

B. Ways of working:

1. Fill the glass with water approximately three-quarters of a piece, add 10 drops of phenolphthalein solution

2. Squeeze with metal pliers and lift sodium metal from a storage bottle. Using paper filter any kerosene from the metal surface. Observe the metal's appearance, then irislah the metal with a dry knife, observe the surface of the slice

3. Cut the sodium metal as big as green beans. Using an iron pliers, wrap metal sodium tightly and then insert the piece of metal into a water-filled glass of phenol ftalein, immediately cover the beaker with a solder dish

4. Record all necessary observations

CHAPTER III

RESULTS OF OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS

A. Observation Tables:

Tube 1

Tubes 2

Tube 3

Tubes 4

Solution filled

CuSO4

ZnSO4

HCl

HCl

Color of solution

Blue

Snappy

Clear

Clear

Added metal

Zinc

Copper

Zinc

Copper

Changes after metal enhancement

The metal is black and there are bubbles

No reaction

There are bubbles

The metal becomes clean

B. Analysis and Discussion:

In this experiment, the CuSO4 solution released the characteristics of spontaneous reactions as described in the theoretical basis above. Once observed, it turns out that a solution of CuSO4 is inserted in the zinc metal plate, releasing small bubbles around the zinc plate. Zinc plates are also slowly undergoing corrosion. If the experiment is carried out longer, the zinc plate will be destroyed and become a precipitate in CuSO4 solution. This negates that the reaction occurring in CuSO4 solution is a spontaneous reaction.

Meanwhile, in the ZnSO4 solution which is inserted in the copper plate, there is no change in either the slab or the ZnSO4 solution. This indicates that the reaction occurring in ZnSO4 solution is a meaningless spontaneous reaction, in which the solution requires external energy for reaction.

HCl solution secretes spontaneous reaction features. Once observed, the HCl solution in which is inserted a zinc metal plate, removing small bubbles around the zinc plates

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